separation, although ownership would remain with the same holding company) or ‘full ownership unbundling’? 4.1.5. Access to settlement systems In contrast to banks, payment institutions as defined
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the infringement effectively to an end [Art. 7 VO (EG) No. 1/2003]. A general legal ownership unbundling of payment schemes and processing entities infringes the property right (Art. 17 Charter of F
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rn geforderte eigen- tumsrechtliche Trennung von Infrastrukturbetreiber und Verkehrsdiensten („Unbundling“) und die Be- schränkung auf eine nur organisatorische strikte Trennung trägt dem grundrechtlichen
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regulation at EU level is therefore absolutely necessary. The Commission’s disclaimer of an ownership unbundling of infrastructure managers and transport services as requested by some market participants and [...] sufficiently independent, the Commission would have to submit a legislative proposal for the ownership unbundling of infrastructure managers and transport services. Conclusion An effective regulation of [...] necessary. The proposed restriction to an organisational separation rather than an ownership unbundling of infrastructure managers and transport services is appropriate (only) if it ensures non-dis
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services, competition in the railway sector in particular is still impeded. Here, effective unbundling of infrastructure management and transport services, as a prerequisite for a competitive market
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internal electricity market, and recalls the need for implementing the Commission proposals regarding unbundling, improved regulatory oversight and cooperation, network cooperation and transparency. These proposals [...] improve the situation have been proposed by the Commission8. Detailed measures proposed cover unbundling of transmission activities from supply and generation, regulatory oversight and cooperation, network
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1775/2005 specifically on access to gas transport, which is currently under revision), including unbundling provisions if required. (179) The market for CCS is at an early stage and current indications
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this market is local loop unbundling, as local loop unbundling enables new entrants to provide narrowband access services to retail customers. However, local loop unbundling requires time and high i [...] imposed on the market for local loop unbundling when analysing the wholesale market for fixed origination. Remedies imposed on the markets for local loop unbundling should then be taken into account when [...] coverage. Moreover, the unbundling of cable networks at this stage does not appear technologically possible, or economically viable, so that an equivalent service to local loop unbundling cannot be provided
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quality services. Governance and enforcement: a stronger role for the European Rail Agency, unbundling and infrastructure managers 138. Prior to market opening, competition regulation was very limited [...] much can be lost. 82 The preferred options for unbundling should ensure the development of competition, continued investment and efficiency in the cost [...] more user-friendly by facilitating access, http://www.ifm-project.eu. EN 73 EN and the unbundling of ancillary services. This means that services that used to be normally included in the total
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through: • Defining common features of EU-harmonised virtual broadband access products (virtual unbundling, IP bit-stream and terminating segments of leased lines) when mandated on operators with significant [...] virtual broadband access products should be designed to have equivalent functionalities to physical unbundling, in order to broaden the range of potential wholesale remedies available for EN 22 EN [...] access link to the customer premises over any access network architecture, excluding physical unbundling, together with a transmission service to a defined set of points of handover, and including specific
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