industries are rapidly becoming globalised business sectors with industrial players competing at a world scale, while exploiting local and regional competitive opportunities to [...] successes even if product life cycles also apply for these markets9. While the EU has taken a head start, it will need to step up efforts to retain its leadership. The adoption of the Renewable Energy [...] in the light of increasing risks of oil price hikes. Here as well, the EU has taken a regulatory head- start in order to reduce CO2 emissions of new cars to 130g/km by 2015 and 95g/km by 2020. In 2008
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sector goods. These are, firstly, increased economies of scale and, secondly, the external trans-national impact.19 Increased economies of scale exist where goods are cheaper and can be supplied more [...] cepInput Reviving the Principle of Subsidiarity 3 1 Introduction In December 1991, the Heads of State or Government of the then twelve Member States of the European Community agreed to found [...] supply. Although this example relates to the public sector supply of goods, increased economies of scale can also be used to justify centralised regulation because having EU-wide regulatory conditions,
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24/25 March 2011 EUCO 10/11 1 EN We express our deepest condolences for the large-scale loss of life in Japan and our solidarity with the Japanese people and government. The thoughts of [...] economic policy coordination: the Euro Plus Pact 11. The Euro Plus Pact as agreed by the euro area Heads of State or government and joined by Bulgaria, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania (see [...] force on 1 January 2013. 17. The European Council welcomes the decisions taken by the euro area Heads of State or government on 11 March and endorses the features of the ESM (see annex II). The p
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that the whole project will not be deliberated about adequately on a national scale and frequently neither on an EU scale, for example with regard to its effects on the labour market. This deprives other [...] the national parliament is thus implemented through Brussels' back door – now even on a European scale. The consequence is progressive centralisation, triggered by national specific interests. A third [...] consequences. But above all, the so-called passerelle clause in the proposed constitution gives the heads of state and government of the EU Member States – i.e. the national executive, not the national
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seriously affect economic growth in the years to come. Whereas network effects and economies of scale have led to an American and Chinese dominance in B2C-markets, the EU should now take the necessary [...] concerning the storing of personal, public or non-personal data hinder the realisation of economics of scale and are generally incompatible with the very idea of an internal market for data. They should remain [...] The digital industrial policy should protect the openness of the economy, allow for economies of scale, entail investment friendly infrastructure regulation and promote digital skills. We propose a
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seriously affect economic growth in the years to come. Whereas network effects and economies of scale have led to an American and Chinese dominance in B2C-markets, the EU should now take the necessary [...] concerning the storing of personal, public or non-personal data hinder the realisation of economics of scale and are generally incompatible with the very idea of an internal market for data. They should remain [...] The digital industrial policy should protect the openness of the economy, allow for economies of scale, entail investment friendly infrastructure regulation and promote digital skills. We propose a
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seriously affect economic growth in the years to come. Whereas network effects and economies of scale have led to an American and Chinese dominance in B2C-markets, the EU should now take the necessary [...] concerning the storing of personal, public or non-personal data hinder the realisation of economics of scale and are generally incompatible with the very idea of an internal market for data. They should remain [...] The digital industrial policy should protect the openness of the economy, allow for economies of scale, entail investment friendly infrastructure regulation and promote digital skills. We propose a
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world-class infrastructure for ground-breaking research. Due to increasing complexity and economies of scale, national research efforts should be pooled at European or, if necessary, at global level. The Commission [...] government intervention, “European Innovation Partnerships” are to be initiated. – In view of the scale of the challenges, it is inappropriate to rely only on competitive markets for finding solutions [...] experiments, a coordinated approach at European level can be reasonable if the existence of economies of scale and of scope can be verified, e.g. in the case of a particle accelerator. Only to this extent is
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n for the introduction of any common backstops. At the Euro area summit on 29 June, 2012, the Heads of State or Government have called on the Commission "to present proposals for the setting up of [...] accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, Whereas: (1) On 29 June 2012, the Euro area Heads of State or Government have called on the Commission to present proposals to provide for a single [...] system, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can, therefore, by reason of the scale of the action, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with
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economies of scale and significant network effects, zero pricing and data dependency that while also existing in other markets, are stronger and reinforce each other in digital ones. Economies of scale. As [...] positive economies of scale are greater for digital undertakings than for undertakings operating in non-digital markets. Secondly, in non-digital markets, positive economies of scale are often – at least [...] which is another indication that economies of scale are greater for digital than for non-digital undertakings. The significant economies of scale favour a high market concentration in digital markets
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