regulated, can fail”, it would not be adequate to consider large inter-bank credits as large exposures as a consequence. On the one hand, it is highly question- able whether or not regulations on large exposures [...] have to continue to assess their credit risks, market risks and operational risks as well as to retain own funds to avert them in future. – Banks may still assess credit risks according to self-developed [...] competent supervisory authority solely; - they do not provide for regular payments of interest or dividends (the bank must cancel such payments if it does not comply with the capital requirements set out above)
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into account changes in credit growth (“credit impulse”) as an indicator instead of “the deviation of the ratio of credit-to- GDP from its long term trend” along with credit growth. The right choice of [...] volume of the credits issued by the institution in each country: it is determined as the share of own funds retained for credits in that country in total own funds retained for credits in all countries [...] European Parliament and of the Council on the access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms and amending Directive 2002/87/EC of
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correlation CCF Credit conversion factor CCPs Central counterparties CCR Counterparty credit risk CD Certificate of Deposit CDS Credit default swap CP Commercial Paper CRM Credit risk mitigation [...] bank’s total credit risk charge that relates to private sector credit exposures in that jurisdiction52, divided by the bank’s total credit risk charge that relates to private sector credit exposures across [...] Counterparty credit risk ........................................................................................29 1. Revised metric to better address counterparty credit risk, credit valuation a
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current account surpluses export capital and thus have a positive NTE. Since they do not need any foreign credits, they are not at risk of insolvency (risk category 1). Countries with current account deficits [...] Whether or not the debt cut will change this negative trend is by no means certain. Without fundamental reforms, the Greek economy will not be able to regain its competitiveness – not even in the [...] of Cyprus’ creditworthiness. The fact that the island state has not sought European aid yet, is due to Russia’s granting bilateral credits to Cyprus be- cause Russian banks are very active in Cyprus. A
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of credit institutions and in the absence of mechanisms allowing for the resolution of credit institutions without threatening financial stability, it might not be feasible to liquidate a credit institution [...] creditors were not required to contribute to rescuing credit institutions for reasons of financial stability. 18. The sovereign crisis has, however, made clear that such a policy could not ensure financial [...] cations ( 9 ) to ‘credit institutions’ (also referred to as ‘banks’) ( 10 ). Credit institutions exhibit a high degree of interconnectedness in that the disorderly failure of one credit institution can
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they cover – credit risk – is not immediately observable but requires specific information about the borrower, which typically only banks have had. However, over the last decades credit risk has become [...] However, MiFID's transparency regime currently does not cover derivatives and transaction reporting does not apply to financial instruments that are not admitted to trading on a regulated market. The [...] derivatives, interest rate derivatives, equity derivatives, commodity derivatives and credit derivatives, of which credit default swaps is the most important. The graph below depicts the relative weight
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EN 11 EN Client Credit-Worthiness (34) Evaluation of client credit-worthiness, i.e. of the credit risk posed by the client, is a crucial aspect of the mortgage credit transaction, which could [...] restricted to credit institutions, or whether and under which conditions such activity could be performed by institutions which do not take deposits or repayable sums, and therefore do not fall within [...] the EU residential mortgage credit markets, i.e., if the potential benefits of intervention can outweigh the anticipated costs of such intervention. Any future initiatives, not necessarily of a regulatory
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rising prices of these credits indicate their weak sustainability and should therefore serve as a motivation to reduce credit needs, the EFSF focuses precisely on making such credits available at very cheap [...] financial assistance where reform requirements are not complied with. Contra: (1) Without implementation of reform measures, or where these are not complied with, the EFSF serves to perpetuate the [...] the real problem of the reeling euro states lies in the excessive, non-sustainably financed credit needs of not only the state but also the private sector, as has been proven by current account deficits
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to 177 million CDM credits in addition to 75 million JI credits in 2011. Furthermore, the decision to improve the environmental integrity by not allowing international credits from certain projects [...] issued. Table 2: International credits used for compliance 2008-2011, EU (all figures in million credits) 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total 2008- 2011 International credits used for compliance* 82 81 134 [...] amount issued, the annual use of carbon credits from CDM and JI projects in the EU ETS was not uniform either. In 2008 only around 82 million international credits were used for compliance whereas this
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to 177 million CDM credits in addition to 75 million JI credits in 2011. Furthermore, the decision to improve the environmental integrity by not allowing international credits from certain projects [...] issued. Table 2: International credits used for compliance 2008-2011, EU (all figures in million credits) 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total 2008- 2011 International credits used for compliance* 82 81 134 [...] amount issued, the annual use of carbon credits from CDM and JI projects in the EU ETS was not uniform either. In 2008 only around 82 million international credits were used for compliance whereas this
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