existing (international) scheme’s brand with the new entrant’s brand. This would allow consumers to choose between brands when paying (provided the merchant accepts both brands), taking into consideration possible [...] time-schedule/work plan with specific deliverables (‘milestones’) and specific target dates be considered? 6. GENERAL REMARKS Questions 32) This paper addresses specific aspects related to the functioning [...] charges on issuers and acquirers for transactions carried out with cards carrying their brand, even if their brand is not used in those transactions. The SEPA Cards Framework has a rule on the basis of
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(e-payments) and mobile payments (m-payments) (pp. 3-6): – For credit transfers and direct debits, specific “pan-European payment schemes” exist. – With regard to card payments, the European market is “far [...] be informed as to the fees merchants pay for different methods of payment (e.g. different card brands, cash, cheques) (p. 13). – The Commission asks whether merchants (pp. 13 and 14) - should be allowed [...] “Honour All Cards Rule“ (HAC) under which merchants are obliged to accept all cards within the same brand, even if the fees related to them are not the same (e.g. private card or business card). – The
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in the absence of specific GPP criteria 1.5. Contract performance clause requiring the contractor to set up an environmental management system during the performance 2. THE SPECIFIC CASE OF WOOD AND [...] environmental considerations 5 1.4. Formulating an environmental award criterion in the absence of specific GPP criteria .................................................................................. [...] system during the performance of the contract....................................... 7 2. The specific case of wood and wood products............................................................. 7
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States have, to date, adopted such plans. 2.2. Specific Problems The Commission, through consultation and expert studies, has identified the specific problems which hinder the realisation of the potential [...] 06) conclusions, The European Council endorsed the following lines for action: () "exploration of specific actions to bring about more sustainable consumption and production patterns at EU and global level [...] to all departments within the meaning of section 2 of the Financial Administration Act, unless specific acts or regulations override it. For more information see http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/greening/text
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build on specific strengths and rectify key weaknesses in the functioning of overall research and innovation systems (identified via the ‘strategic intelligence’ capabilities); tackling specific problems [...] examines the rationale for these policy priorities and reviews the supporting evidence for the specific actions proposed for the Innovation Union. Section 2 discusses the rationale for the overall [...] of various activities across research and innovations systems; weaknesses in the operation of specific components of these systems at EU, national and regional levels; the failure of many of these
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concept of innovation, both research-driven innovation and innovation in business models, design, branding and services that add value for users and where Europe has unique talents. The creativity and diversity [...] including through entrepreneurial education, which will be recognised in multi-disciplinary "EIT-branded" degrees that partner universities within the KICs will award. New flexible financing of high- [...] SMEs 22 Such as the UK SBRI and Dutch SBIR schemes that offer contracts to develop solutions to specific challenges identified in public services. These schemes follow the approach set out in the Commission
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Liza Porteus Viana, Intellectual Property Watch, 11.01.2011. 6 Source: Eurobrand Study 2009, Country Review, http://study.eurobrand.cc EN 5 EN Development (1.9% of EU GNP in 2008).7 Copyright-based [...] relevant producer of goods or services, particularly in sectors which rely heavily on brands and customers' brand loyalty. These sectors comprise those for food products, household goods, pharmaceuticals [...] collective or certification marks) and only on third of them have developed specific legislation considering GIs as a specific IPR. This fragmentation of the legal framework to grant protection for GIs
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exposing himself to the risk of fraud, scams or non-delivery. In connexion to this, brand loyalty to domestic brands may also be an inhibiting factor. Consumers may therefore not be able to establish [...] crucial for maintaining brand value and delivering customer support to clients. Other regulatory barriers were mentioned by stakeholders. They included labelling rules or sector-specific rules on the sale [...] as far as consumer preferences and access to the internet are concerned), but some factors are specific to the cross-border dimension. In addition, online traders may enforce restrictions on where they
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same territory, inter-brand competition may be substantially restricted for those brands. The higher the cumulative market share of the brands distributed by the exclusive multiple brand dealers, the higher [...] buy the five leading brands in high service/high price shops. This leads to reduced inter-brand competition between the five leading brands. The fact that the two smallest brands can be bought in low [...] distributors distribute the brand(s) of only one supplier, a reduction of competition between the distributors of the same brand will lead to a reduction of intra-brand competition between these di
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direct or indirect obligation causing the members of a selective distribution system not to sell the brands of particular competing suppliers should be excluded from the benefit of this Regulation. [...] Commission may by regulation declare this Regulation inapplicable to vertical agreements containing specific restraints relating to the market concerned, thereby restoring the full application of Article [...] direct or indirect obligation causing the members of a selective distribution system not to sell the brands of particular competing suppliers. Article 6 Withdrawal in individual cases 1. The Commission
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