transport. The Commission proposal to revise the ‘first railway package’ and the measures set out in the Greening Transport package in the field of road freight transport (review of ‘Eurovignette’ [...] market measured in passengers/kilometres and has succeeded in recapturing markets from cars and aviation. Similarly, the rail freight market continues to require infrastructure and operating practices [...] Transport4, adopted by the Commission on 17th June 2009, and as part of the Greening Transport package, the Commission has proposed measures to internalise the external costs of transport in a coordinated
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internal European transport market. Much progress in this direction has already been made in the aviation and road transport sectors. However, rail transport still has some way to go in this respect. [...] increasingly sophisticated infrastructures. More particularly, at European level successive railway packages have set the Member States on the path to modernising their railways and to integrating national [...] development of interoperability, the directives making up the first, second, and third railway packages represent a European legislative and policy framework which encourages the modernisation of rail
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ill io nt on ne s C O 2 eq ui va le nt Other Transport** Railways Navigation* Civil Aviation* Road Transport * Including international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU) [...] systems to tackle the worsening externalities problems. As acknowledged in the Greening of Transport package16, the use of technologies is crucial to ensure the implementation of internalisation of external [...] of safety-enhancing applications will certainly improve if there are synergies, lower costs or ‘package deals’: while it is not always clear if customers would be willing to pay for separate safety a
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management, better logistics, pursuing the reduction of CO2 emissions for road vehicles , for the aviation and maritime sectors including the launch of a major European "green" car initiative which will [...] network regulation, the Services Directive and the financial markets legislative and supervision package, enforce them effectively and when problems arise, resolve them speedily; – Pressing ahead with
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year. Though the European institutions have paved the way for a Single European Sky with two packages of measures in 2004 and 2009, Europe is not even close to reaching that goal. The objectives [...] reasons: ‐ With the end of the Cold War, airspace no longer needs to be used primarily for military aviation, so Member States can assign national sovereignty powers more easily. ‐ Steadily growing air [...] ‐ The EU has assigned more powers to the European Commission – with the two Single European Sky packages of measures – than to Eurocontrol, which is an interstate body. Hence, the Commission can put pressure
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options which have been considered. In summary the content of the three packages is as follows. 21. The first policy package included measures to improve the effectiveness of slot allocation and the [...] the limited scope of this package, the estimated benefits are rather modest: an average annual increase of 0.4 % in the number of passengers carried. 22. The second package incorporated the elements [...] 23. This policy package will have negative environmental impacts as CO2 emissions will increase due to the greater number of flights. However, due to the inclusion of aviation CO2 emissions in the
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will lead to an increase of 1.9 %-2.0 %. Policy Package 1 (PP1) Policy Package 2 (PP2) Policy Package 3 (PP3) Content of Policy Packages - Strengthen independence and transparency [...] sub-optimal allocation and use of slots, we propose three policy packages besides the baseline scenario. 21. The first policy package (PP1) would improve the effectiveness of slot allocation and use [...] e system. PP1 can be seen as a standalone option. 22. The second policy package (PP2) consists of a more ambitious package of measures entailing substantial revision of the Slot Regulation. Built on
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the extrapolation. 54 See annex 17. Policy Package 1 (PP1) Policy Package 2 (PP2) Policy Package 3 (PP3) Content of Policy Packages - Strengthen independence and transparency [...] and to enhance competition. It was adopted shortly after the third "aviation package" which created the EU internal market in aviation. Since 1993 the Slot Regulation has received technical improvements [...] package that produces a higher level of aviation CO2 emissions would lead to higher demand from aviation for emissions allowances in the ETS (made up of CO2 reductions in other areas) rather than higher
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A European strategy for civil aviation safety European aviation safety is high but not the best in the world. Our aim should be to become the safest region for aviation. In order to do so, we will develop [...] of emissions, followed by international maritime (9%) and aviation (7%). The rest (about 11%) originates from domestic navigation and aviation, rail and pipeline transport. Source: International Energy [...] from journeys above 1,000 km59. 99. In aviation, the growth of transport can be reconciled with ambitious environmental objectives through the inclusion of aviation in the EU ETS, the Single European Sky
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II AVIATION Article 3a Scope The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to the allocation and issue of allowances in respect of aviation activities listed in Annex I. Article 3b Aviation activities [...] operator in accordance with Article 18a; (r) ‘attributed aviation emissions’ means emissions from all flights falling within the aviation activities listed in Annex I which depart from an aerodrome [...] country; (s) ‘historical aviation emissions’ means the mean average of the annual emissions in the calendar years 2004, 2005 and 2006 from aircraft performing an aviation activity listed in Annex I;
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