had been issued by an authority of one’s own state. In civil and commercial matters, EU law (in particular Regulation Brussels I) ensures that a judgment given in one Member State is recognised in another [...] of the application for precautionary measures, e.g. within one week (domestic claims) or two weeks (cross-border claims) in Denmark; within one month in Finland; or within 30 days of notification of the [...] debtors can easily escape enforcement measures* by swiftly moving their monies from a bank account in one Member State to another. A creditor, however, has little chance of blocking a debtor's bank accounts
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industry. Provision of criteria The provision of core-criteria would remove one of the greatest hindrances to GPP, removing one of the greatest costs and causes of difficulty for practitioners. It would [...] Option 2 is the currently preferred option but that it could be complemented, in the future, with one or more mandatory measures envisaged under options 3, 4 and 5, subject to additional, future impact [...] Government showed that the use of sustainable construction techniques in the Newport Southern Distributor Road resulted in benefits valued at £2.1 m(€ 3.1m), part of which came through reduced purchase cost
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transport’s higher energy efficiency (especially when compared to road transport), a shift in the modal share of transport from road to rail will result in fewer CO2 emissions and reduce other pollutants [...] limited to providing solely shuttle services for road vehicles through the Channel Tunnel ⌦ and transport operations in the form of shuttle services for road vehicles through the Channel Tunnel, ⌫ except [...] at least one border of a Member State; the train may be joined and/or split and the different sections may have different origins and destinations, provided that all wagons cross at least one border;
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field of road freight transport (review of ‘Eurovignette’ Directive 1999/62/EC5) already contain new provisions aimed at ensuring convergence between the charging principles applying to rail and road transport [...] ure Overall, rail receives only a small part of investment in infrastructure by Member States, road infrastructure continuing to take the lion’s share. This imbalance is particularly marked in Central [...] establishment of strong, efficient and independent national safety authorities (NSAs) interacting with one another to avoid unnecessary multiple or duplicated checks. The Commission will therefore continue
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separate profit and loss accounts and balance sheets are to be established for transport services on the one hand and the management of railway infrastructure on the other hand, as well as distinct divisions [...] in such a way that it is possible to monitor the prohibition on transferring public funds paid to one area of activity to another (Art. 6 (4)). - Decisions on the allocation of infrastructure and charges [...] maintenance facilities specially developed for new trains and wagons may now be reserved for the use of one railway undertaking for a period of five years (Art. 13 (2)). MAIN ISSUES Objective of the Directive:
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managers may only take into account marginal costs when levying infrastructure charges. This is one the one hand appropriate with regard to the existing infrastructure, as it can lead to an optimal use [...] infrastructure charges (Art. 31 (4)). – New is that as soon as the internalisation of noise costs from road transport is permitted [COM(2008) 436, cp. CEP Policy Brief and CEP Monitor], the internalisation [...] detailed delay classes. (Art. 35 (1) and (2) in conjunction with Annex VIII) – If there is more than one applicant for a certain infrastructure capacity when establishing the timetable, a reservation charge
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hours equal to more than 1.000 additional workers. The modal shift from road to rail results in a slight decrease of employment in road transport. There would be general demand for more skilled personnel [...] the first package will involve a process of codification of these Directives and their merging into one legislative instrument with a view to simplifying and consolidating. From a substantial point of [...] still an unattractive option and competitiveness of the sector in relation to other modes, notably road transport, is diminished. The Commission considers there are three dimensions to tackling these
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r contracts, businesses would be able to operate on the basis of two sets of terms – one for cross-border and one for domestic contracts. Consumers would also be subject to two sets of rules. An instrument [...] further incentive for businesses to expand across borders, as they would be able to use one single set of terms and one single economic policy. The instrument could also focus on contracts concluded in [...] commercial law and endorsed by neutral, quasi-public organisations23 has been adopted by all but one of the 50 states. b) The Recommendation could encourage the Member States to incorporate the European
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achieving a competitive industrial Europe. One out of four jobs in the private sector in the European Union is in manufacturing industry, and at least another one out of four is in associated services that [...] Developing the Single Market and enforcing intellectual property rights The single market has been one of the main motors of economic growth in the European Union over the last 20 years. It has provided [...] States, increasing competition in the network industries remains a challenge. In some Member States, road transport and energy infrastructures need attention. Lengthy permitting procedures and public acceptance
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the smart, sustainable and inclusive growth the Strategy is aiming for. The "Innovation Union" is one of the seven flagships announced in the Europe 2020 Strategy. It aims to improve conditions and access [...] the population is well below that of the US, Japan and other countries. The EU will need at least one million new research jobs if it is to reach the R&D target of 3%. The number of researchers required [...] commercialise successful innovations and grow their businesses rapidly. However, the reality is too often one of fragmented national markets with costly procedures. A Single Market Act is being brought forward
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