PARTICULAR RESTRAINTS 1. Single branding obligations i. Assessment of single-branding obligations under the Block Exemption Regulations ii. Assessment of single-branding obligations not covered by the [...] ........... 7 1. Single branding obligations.......................................................................................... 7 i. Assessment of single-branding obligations under the Block [...] ltations/2008_motor_vehicle/acea_annex_en.pdf. EN 4 EN • The treatment of specific restraints: single branding and selective distribution II. SCOPE OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE BLOCK EXEMPTION AND
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same territory, inter-brand competition may be substantially restricted for those brands. The higher the cumulative market share of the brands distributed by the exclusive multiple brand dealers, the higher [...] buy the five leading brands in high service/high price shops. This leads to reduced inter-brand competition between the five leading brands. The fact that the two smallest brands can be bought in low [...] distributors distribute the brand(s) of only one supplier, a reduction of competition between the distributors of the same brand will lead to a reduction of intra-brand competition between these di
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assigned to them [SEC(2009) 1052 and 1053, p. 7] or - which provide for a brand obligation (obligation to distribute one single brand) for a maximum of five years (No. 25). This applies particularly to [...] duration of vertical agreements. Agreements with long-term biding effects on distributors foster brand- specific investments on the one hand. On the other hand, however, they can be used to keep competitors [...] agreements with single brand obligations represent a good compromise. The distinction between the distribution of new motor vehicles and the aftermarket is also justified. As due to brand specificity competition
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the less the retailer depends on branded goods' turnover. It seems that retailers increasingly stock one or two A brands of a particular product (premium reference brand for a category) and their own private [...] and therefore amount to foreclosure/ elimination of other secondary B, C, etc, brands (such brands may be regional brands for example, and it is argued by some that the diversity of the European food [...] customers loyal to the branded product. As a consequence it is possible that they could exploit brand loyalty and increase prices. This could entail that consumers would pay more for branded goods in the aftermath
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service providers cannot impose that a retailer accepts a category or brand if he accepts another category or brand, except if the brand or category is subject to the same regulated interchange fee as the [...] y, for instance by ‘blending’ fees or prohibiting merchants from choosing a cheeper card brand on co-branded cards or steering consumers to the use of such cheeper cards. Even if merchants are aware [...] Rule (HACR) which obliges merchants to accept all cards within the same brand if they accept one category of cards in this brand. Most schemes and payment service providers were in favour of the status
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existing (international) scheme’s brand with the new entrant’s brand. This would allow consumers to choose between brands when paying (provided the merchant accepts both brands), taking into consideration possible [...] time-schedule/work plan with specific deliverables (‘milestones’) and specific target dates be considered? 6. GENERAL REMARKS Questions 32) This paper addresses specific aspects related to the functioning [...] charges on issuers and acquirers for transactions carried out with cards carrying their brand, even if their brand is not used in those transactions. The SEPA Cards Framework has a rule on the basis of
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will take into account the specific facts and circumstances of each case. For example, in cases involving regulated markets, the Commission will take into account the specific regulatory environment in [...] Commission (Michelin II) [2003] ECR II-4071, paragraph 97. 3 See Case 27/76 United Brands Company and United Brands Continentaal v Commission [1978] ECR 207, paragraph 65; Case 85/76 Hoffmann-La Roche [...] markets. 4 See Case 27/76 United Brands Company and United Brands Continentaal v Commission [1978] ECR 207, paragraphs 113-121; Case T-395/94 Atlantic
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will take into account the specific facts and circumstances of each case. For example, in cases involving regulated markets, the Commission will take into account the specific regulatory environment in [...] Commission (Michelin II) [2003] ECR II-4071, paragraph 97. 3 See Case 27/76 United Brands Company and United Brands Continentaal v Commission [1978] ECR 207, paragraph 65; Case 85/76 Hoffmann-La Roche [...] markets. 4 See Case 27/76 United Brands Company and United Brands Continentaal v Commission [1978] ECR 207, paragraphs 113 to 121; Case T-395/94 Atlantic
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Authors: Dr. Patrick Stockebrandt, Victor Warhem, Marion Jousseaume, Prof. Dr. Andrea De Petris | stockebrandt@cep.eu Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 266 | 79098 Freiburg | Germany | Telephone + 49 761 38693-107 [...] Farm to Fork Authors: Dr. Patrick Stockebrandt, Victor Warhem, Marion Jousseaume, Prof. Dr. Andrea De Petris | stockebrandt@cep.eu 2 – To accelerate the transition to a sustainable [...] Farm to Fork Authors: Dr. Patrick Stockebrandt, Victor Warhem, Marion Jousseaume, Prof. Dr. Andrea De Petris | stockebrandt@cep.eu 4 Legal Assessment Legislative Competence of
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Authors: Dr. Patrick Stockebrandt, Victor Warhem, Marion Jousseaume, Prof. Dr. Andrea De Petris | stockebrandt@cep.eu Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 266 | 79098 Freiburg | Germany | Telephone + 49 761 38693-107 [...] Farm to Fork Authors: Dr. Patrick Stockebrandt, Victor Warhem, Marion Jousseaume, Prof. Dr. Andrea De Petris | stockebrandt@cep.eu 2 – To accelerate the transition to a sustainable [...] Farm to Fork Authors: Dr. Patrick Stockebrandt, Victor Warhem, Marion Jousseaume, Prof. Dr. Andrea De Petris | stockebrandt@cep.eu 4 Legal Assessment Legislative Competence of
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